Come on “low carbon buildings”
Great Wall introduction
The Great Wall built by a long history and vast majestic works, is the world’s rare miracle. Great Wall, west, south staggered, long-volt in our great motherland vast land. It looks like a dragon, climb towering mountains, across the vast expanse of grasslands, across the vast deserts, plunging toward the sea. According to historical literature, there are more than 20 countries and the feudal dynasty princes had built the Great Wall, if we built the Great Wall at all times combined, about 10 more than thousands of miles.Where Qin, Han and Ming dynasties 3 the length of the Great Wall of repair in excess of one thousands of miles. Now China’s Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have the ancient Great Wall, peak remains of the fire station. Of which only the Great Wall of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region reached more than 30,000 years.
Numbers “off” by the Northern Qi Dynasty built the Great Wall to the basis, starting at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi, west side off the east via Yanmenguan, Flat Zhu Guan into Hebei, and then off to the northeast, by the source, Fangshan, Changping Morogata, direct Juyongguan, and then from the north and east, to the appeasement of the four customs, with the “outside” the Great Wall connecting to zijingguan as the center, roughly into a north-south.”Within three off the” Great Wall in many places, and the “inside edge” Great Wall in parallel, in some places two cities separated by only tens of years. In addition, it built a large number of “heavy city.” Yanmenguan in the vicinity of “heavy city” there are as many as 24!
The Great Wall is the working people in ancient China to create a miracle. Since the emperor began construction of the Great Wall has been a major project. It is recorded that the emperor used the Great Wall, built nearly one million workers, accounting for the country’s population of 1 / 20! At that time there is no machinery, in addition to transport soil, bricks can be donkeys, goats can climb the livestock, all have to rely on human labor and the working environment is high mountains, the cliffs Shenhe. One can imagine, there is no large groups of people work hard and is unable to complete this enormous project.
The Great Wall of work performed, according to a rough estimate, only construction of the Ming Dynasty, for example, hence its masonry, earth-moving with the construction of a 1 meter thick, high walls of 5 meters, that could revolve around the Earth more than a week. If used for paving a wide and 5 meters thick, 35 cm of the road, it will be able to orbit the earth in the 34 weeks. If all the dynasties of the revised total of 10 Miles to calculate, then this could be a head wall around the earth more than ten weeks, this road could be around the earth thirty or forty weeks.
The Great Wall is located in the northern part of China, it Shanhaiguan in Bohai Bay, Hebei Province, east, west to Jiayuguan in Gansu Province inland areas. Trans-Hebei, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and other seven provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and total length of about 6,700 kilometers, with about 13300 years, to help in the world, the “Great Wall” of the reputation of
Origins 1889 – Paris Expo and the Eiffel Tower
As everyone knows, the Eiffel Tower is a landmark, one of the city of Paris, but you know, the construction originated in 1889 in Paris World’s Fair? It is the late 19th century Modernism reflected in the construction field, it was once the loading of urban development history of the world’s tallest building.
In 1889 coincided with the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the French Revolution, the French hoped that the exposition will be left to the machine a deep impression on the world, especially the 1851 World Expo held in London has achieved unprecedented success, Paris is not far behind.
French people have always wanted to build one than the British “Crystal Palace” of the Exposition building began in 1886 Design Competition held in collection program, which aims to “create a symbol of the 19th century technological achievements can work.” Has reached 700 entries and finally selected the architect Eiffel submitted by 1,000 feet for the construction of a high-tower design.
53-year-old Alexander Gustave Eiffel was a famous architect in Europe, half of the 19th century most of the well-known architectural designer directory can find him. Eiffel proposed the construction of a high degree of twice the French authorities at that time the world’s tallest buildings – Khufu Pyramid, Cologne Cathedral and the tower of Ulm Cathedral, and in June 1886 to the General Council in 1889 Exposition submitted drawings and The results, January 8, 1887 won the bid.
However, the culture of Paris, who heard about the plan immediately after the published letter of protest: “… … the clear understanding that we in the pursuit of anything that Imagine had this strange tower funny. It is like a huge black factory chimney standing on the sky of Paris. This monster will cover Notre Dame de Paris, the disabled Palace, the Arc de Triomphe, and other famous buildings. This riveting up causes of ugly steel columns will give the flavor of this centuries old city has cast a very the shadow of hate … … ”
The design of the Eiffel Tower appears in a period of change, tower is a modernist works against the classical model of dome roof. 19th-century Paris is still imitated the Renaissance classical style, embodied in the architectural restoration of dome top fashion, Eiffel Tower, designed by anti-traditional. Tower is a steel structure building, since the “Crystal Palace” as the first historical use of glass, steel and wood to build a large-scale structures to create a modern architecture after the source, but also failed to produce a comparable city building.
January 28, 1887, the Eiffel Tower project officially broke ground, the construction of the base spent a year and a half, Tower took 8 months to install a little more time, on March 31, 1889 will end. A total of 50 architects and designers drew a blueprint for 5300. Eiffel calculation is extremely precise, is located in Levallois – Perret 12000 factory produced components of varying size, the installation is not a need to modify the construction within two years of virtually no accident occurred.
For the 1889 Paris World Expo 25 million tourists, up to 300 meters Eiffel Tower has become the most attractive of the wonders of the world reflects the achievements of the century, building technology, embodies the boldest and most progressive construction of the arts. 4 lifts can accommodate 100 people each day thousands of visitors sent to 115 meters altitude overlooking Paris, but also along the 1792 ladder to go down. Tower to have made a great commercial success Expo, so that the second year followed by the 13th session of the Industrial Fair is still held in Paris, it was found denta afar is the best way to understand the urban layout.
Until the 1930s, the Eiffel Tower is still the world’s tallest building, is still the world-famous city landmarks and symbols. Since the Eiffel Tower, the world’s major cities competing to build towers, tower high ground and the city as city landmarks, once the evolution of the intensifying trend, we are in almost any city can be seen towering television tower, Sightseeing Tower, Tourism tower. The World Expo’s famous maxim, as said, “Everything begins with the World Expo”, the Expo brings together the most advanced civilization at all times, the latest wave of products and ideas. In the Expo at the birth of the “Crystal Palace” and the Eiffel Tower in the precedent of history, the leading wave of modern architecture has not changed. I believe in a new century, the World Expo will bring with it more creative and surprises.
Herald-Examiner Building Still Beautiful!
LA Angeles, observation reminds us that this week is a pioneer in the death of the 20th anniversary of William Randolph Heart’s examiners. Since 2002, the project has implemented a reconstruction of 11th and Broadway, designed by architect Julia Morgan, who designed the Hearst Castle of files from the old office. Fully qualified, 350 million Americans have offered to restore and convert Morgan into the office and retail space in the building, adding a 24-story building the housing designed by Thom Mayne of the pioneering study in a local pre-Hill Street, Building Sat journalists, and the 37-storey residential vicinity of 12 Street Mayne. The tower, which is not surprising, are still pending due to the economy. Levin Brenda Levin architectural firm commissioned by the pioneer to resume construction of the examiners.
“Unfortunately, I have no reports of new news,” Levin said in an e-mail to let us know. “This building is still owned by Hearst Corporation, which is good news, but the renovation program / recycling was shelved. ”
Marty Cepkauskas for Hurst real estate person in charge, said: “Unfortunately, I did not and that the market downturn to the latest, most developments are pending in downtown Los Angeles, we went to this category. We expect something to reverse. We approved the project there … I think the cheapest, because we are eager to pass the plan. “
“Bird’s Nest” National Stadium reputation
Xinhua, Beijing, December 24 (Xinhua Wang Yong) 24 began the National Stadium in Warsaw, due to form a unique and known as the “Bird’s Nest”. The total investment amount is more than 30 billion yuan stadium, because the commitment to 2008 Olympic Games opening and closing ceremony, the task of attracting the attention of the world.
“Bird’s Nest” is located in Beijing Olympic Park, Beijing City in the north eastern side of the axle, the construction of 258.000 square meters square. In addition to commitments to open the Olympic Games closing ceremony and tasks, will also be here on the track and field, men’s Olympic football finals and other major competitions. The stadium can hold 100,000 spectators, including temporary seating 20.000. After the Olympic Games may have a major sporting event, various competitions and non-conventional design competition is the Olympic Games in Beijing, building senior Beijing Olympic Games, but also the residents of Beijing will be wide participation in sports and entertainment using the large professional sports venues.
The National Stadium is a project of a global tender competition for the design developed by the Swiss firm Herzog & de Meuron design, Ove Arup & Partners Corporation and the China Architecture Design and Research, a joint project of the Community. The project main type of radiation by a rotating series of steel as the structure formed due to the similarity of Chinese porcelain cracks and “Bird’s Nest” shape, and the name “Bird’s Nest”.
The owners of the National Stadium in Beijing, the State Assets Management Co., Ltd. and CITIC Group, jointly established the Community National Stadium limited liability company, the company will be responsible for project investment and financing, design, construction, operation and management.